Friday, 22 November 2019

Herodotus Assessment of the Athenian Contributions to the War


Herodotus Assessment
Is this true based on our understanding of the Persian wars?
“However many lines of fortification the Spartans had built across the Isthmus, they would have been deserted by their confederates”
  • Themistocles' main concern before Salamis was that if allowed to retreat to Isthmus the allies would defect and go back to defend their home cities
  • Before Plataea the Athenians threatened to abandon the Greek alliance - the Spartans were celebrating Hyacinthia
“Thus the Spartans would have been left alone – to perform great deeds and to die nobly. Or, on the other hand, it is possible that before things came to the ultimate test, the sight of the rest of Greece submitting to Persia might have driven them to make terms with Xerxes”
  • The Spartans never surrendered and would never have made terms with Xerxes under any circumstances - their law would have prevented them
  • They would have fought to the death
“I cannot myself see what possible use there could have been in fortifying the Isthmus, if the Persians had command of the sea. In view of this, therefore, one is surely right in saying that Greece was saved by the Athenians”
  •  The Persians could easily attack the Greeks via sea and so the Athenians were indisposable, due to their large navy
“It was the Athenians too, who, having chosen that Greece should live and preserve her freedom, roused to battle the other Greek states which had not yet submitted. It was the Athenians who – after the gods – drove back the Persian king”
  •  The Spartans at Thermopylae raised/inspired the other Greeks to continue fighting
  • The Spartans were given leadership over the other Greeks
  • The majority of victories were directed by Sparta (Thermopylae, Plataea, Mycale)
  • The Spartan army was relatively small, with no fleet. There were 5,000 Spartans at Plataea,. which was half of their population
“Not even the terrifying warnings of the oracle at Delphi could persuade them to abandon Greece; they stood firm and had the courage to meet the invader”
  •  They wouldn't leave the oracle at Delphi until she gave them a second prophecy, which shows resilience
  • Both suggested the destruction of Athens, but the Athenians clung to the hope that they could trust in their "wooden walls"

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